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NATIVE PLATINUM

Chemistry: Pt, Elemental Platinum
Class: Elements
Group: Platinum
Uses: Important ore of platinum and other rare metals. Platinum metal is used for
jewelry, chemical and other industrial uses as well as a currency stabilizer.
Specimens

Native platinum is an exotic mineral specimen and an expensive metal. Unfortunately, well
formed crystals of platinum are very rare and the common habit of platinum is nuggets and
grains. Pure platinum is unknown of in nature as it usually is alloyed with other metals such as
iron, copper, gold, nickel, iridium, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium and osmium. The presence of
these other metals tends to lower the density of platinum from a pure metal specific gravity of
21.5 to as low as 14 and very rarely any higher than 19 in natural specimens. Few of these rarer
metals form significant deposits on their own and thus platinum becomes the primary ore of many
of these metals. The presence of iron can lead to a slight magnetism in platinum nuggets and is a
common enough property to be considered diagnostic.

The element platinum is extremely scarce in most crustal rocks, barely seen as even a trace
element in chemical analysis of these rocks. However platinum seems to be much more
concentrated in the mantle and can be enriched through magmatic segregation. Platinum's origin
in the crust is from ultra-mafic igneous rocks and therefore platinum is associated with minerals
common to these rocks such as chromite and olivine. Platinum's most common source however is
from placer deposits.

Over the ages, the platinum became weathered out of the igneous rocks and were tumbled down
streams and rivers where the extremely heavy grains and nuggets of platinum collect behind
rocks and bends in the rivers and streams. These deposits, called placers, that form behind the
rocks and bends are enriched in heavy grains as lighter material is carried further down stream.
The heaviest grains are the nuggets of gold, platinum and/or other heavy minerals.

The metal platinum is a valuable metal that is gaining in importance. It is typically more
expensive by weight than gold, mostly a product of its scarcity. Platinum is very non-reactive
and for this reason it is used in chemical reactions as a catalyst. Metallic platinum can facilitate
many chemical reactions without becoming altered in the process. It is also used in many
anti-pollution devices, most notable is the catalytic converter, and has been given the nick name
the "Environmental Metal". Native platinum is the primary ore of platinum, but deposits
containing the rare platinum arsenide, sperrylite of the Pyrite Group, have made a huge
contribution to the world's limited supply.

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:

Color is a white-gray to silver-gray, usually lighter than the platinum color of pure
processed platinum.
Luster is metallic.
Transparency is opaque.
Crystal System: Isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m
Crystal Habits include nuggets, grains or flakes, rarely showing cubic forms.
Cleavage is absent.
Fracture is jagged.
Hardness is 4 - 4.5
Specific Gravity is 14 - 19+, pure platinum is 21.5 (extremely heavy even for metallic
minerals).
Streak is steel-gray.
Other Charact


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